英語の書き方を学ぶべく、
を順々に読んでいく。
今回は「英語ライティングルールブック第３版」を読んでいく。
前回
6. 文法
6.1 前置詞
6.1.6 ofの用法
は「分離」のイメージを持ち、そこから派生して多様な用法を持つ。
| (1) | 「…から離れて」「…を(離して)」という意味を表す。 | ||
| (2) | |||
| (3) | |||
| (4) | 「…について」という意味を表す。 | ||
| (5) | 「…の～」と、様々な関係を表す。 |
| (1) | May I ask a favor of you? | |
| They robbed her of her purse. | ||
| (2) | That's just the tip of the iceberg. | |
| The upper part of the statue was smashed into pieces with a hammer. | ||
| I am a member of the tennis club. | ||
| (3) | Those glasses are all made of crystal. | |
| C.f. This paper isn't made from trees. | ||
| (4) | What do you think of the new plan? | |
| She reminds me of her mother. | ||
| (5) | a story of love | |
| a picture of Kate | ||
| a girl of ten |
6.1.7 onの用法
の基本的な用法は、「接触」である。
| (1) | 基本の意味は「…の上に」である。ただし接触していなければならない*1。 | ||
| (2) | 日にち・曜日について「…に」を表す。また特定された日の午前・午後・夜などについても |
||
| (3) | 「接触」のイメージから「…で支えて」「…に依存して(支えられて)」という意味を表す。 | ||
| (4) | 人や物事の状態、進行中の状況や活動を表す。 | ||
| (5) | 「…に向かって」「…に対して」と方向や対象を表す。 |
| (1) | I sat on a chair to take a rest. | |
| There are several pens on your desk. | ||
| The graph on the wall shows our sales record. | ||
| There was a bug on the ceiling. | ||
| (2) | The symposium will begin on July 15. | |
| The only free time I have on Wednesday is at 3:00. | ||
| Do you have any appointments on Monday morning? | ||
| (3) | Lie on your belly. | |
| He is still dependent on his parents. | ||
| (4) | The building was on fire. | |
| The unemployment rate is on the increase in Japan. | ||
| He is on duty from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m. | ||
| (5) | Someone was tapping on the door. | |
| Don't spend too much money on horseracing. |
6.1.8 toの用法
の基本的な用法は、「…へ」「…に向かって」という方向を表すものである。
| (1) | 「…の方へ」「…まで」という意味を表す。「起点」を表す |
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| (2) | 「…にとって」「…に対して」という意味を表す。 | ||
| (3) | 「…にくっついて」「…に合わせて」などの意味を表す。 | ||
| (4) | 「…と比べて」という意味を表す。 |
| (1) | Is this way to the station? | |
| I work from Monday to Friday. | ||
| (2) | We should try to be kind to others. | |
| Money means everything to Paul. | ||
| (3) | Please attach the file to your e-mail. | |
| She was moving her body to the beat. | ||
| (4) | I cannot but feel inferior to others in my class. | |
| Compared to the previous year, we have achieved a lot so far this year. |
6.1.9 withの用法
の基本的なイメージは、「何かが加えられる」ことである。
| (1) | < |
||
| (2) | 「…という状態で」を意味する。 | ||
| (3) | 「…を用いて」「…で」と道具や手段を表す。 |
| (1) | Will you please dance with me? | |
| There was a girl with beautiful red hair on the beach. | ||
| I have almost no money with me now. | ||
| (2) | Don't talk with your mouth full. | |
| Jimmy sat smiling with his legs crossed. | ||
| (3) | I opened the letter with a knife. | |
| He was stirring the coffee with a spoon. | ||
| His eyes were glaring with excitement. |
6.2 前置詞と目的語
前置詞は、後に必ず名詞表現が置かれる。前置詞の後にくる名詞表現を「前置詞の目的語」という。
疑問符が目的語になったり、受動態にしたり、関係代名詞の先行詞が目的語であったり、不定詞の形容詞的用法がであったりする場合、前置詞の目的語が移動することで前置詞のみが残存する。
| (1) | What are you looking for? | |
| (2) | The patients are all well looked after. | |
| (3) | This is the hotel which George is staying at. | |
| (4) | We need a large box to keep our papers in. |
