今日の英語(20221117) - 「大人の教養・知識・気付き」を伸ばすブログ

　今日勉強した英語の中で間違えたことや調べたことをメモしておく。

コロケーション

　今回は古沢寛行・小宮山浩光・レコード，カービィ(2004)「コロケーション徹底演習II」(泰文堂)PP. 138-41を参照。

作者:古澤寛行,カービィレコード,小宮山浩光,Kirby Record
泰文堂

　今回、間違えたのは以下の表現：

	826.	Self-made men are those who started life with almost nothing, and became successful despite having none of the advantages of wealth or high social status.
		自力で立身出世を遂げた人たちは、ほとんど無の状態で人生を始め、富とか社会的地位という優位な立場は何もないにもかかわらず成功した人たちである。
	827.	Treating someone badly only for reasons of race, religion or ethnicity is an act of blatant discrimination.
		人種、宗教あるいは民族上の理由で誰かに酷い扱いをすることは、あくどい差別行為である。
	830.	Although he was well-dressed and carefully groomed, he was living a transient life, moving from hotel to hotel, and country to country on his father's inheritance.
		彼は立派な服装で、念入りな身づくろいをしていたが、父親の遺産でホテルからホテルへ、国から国へと移り動く渡り鳥のような生活を送っていた。
	831.	The matador, waving his red flag, turned toward the bull, which was snorting and pawing the ground.
		赤い旗を振りながら、闘牛士は牡牛の方に向いた。牡牛は鼻を鳴らし地面を前足で引っ掻いていた。
	832.	The bronco bucked and lurched to the right and then to the left, in a frantic attempt to throw his rider.
		その野生馬は乗り手を振り落とそうと気が狂ったように、突然背を曲げて跳ね上がり、右へ左へと体を傾けた。
	833.	Lieutenant Colombo examined the crime scene carefully. It was not long before he found the telltale evidence he was looking for. He now knew the identity of the culprit but the problem was how to prove it.
		刑事コロンボは犯罪現場を入念に調べた。まもなく、彼は探していた隠し切れぬ証拠を発見した。今、彼には犯罪容疑者の身元は分かっていたが、問題はどうやってそれを証明するかであった。
	835.	The general spoke to his troops with unfailing confidence that their mission could succeed.
		将軍は自分たちの作戦任務は成功するとの確信をもって部下の兵士たちに話をした。
	837.	When rescue workers arrived on the scene of the accident, they did their best, but their activities lacked coordination and were even rather disjointed .
		救助の作業員たちは事故現場に到着すると最善を尽くしたが、彼らの活動は調整を欠いており、かなりにバラバラでさえあった。
	838.	As the leaders of the marathon entered the stadium, a tumultuous shout arose from the crowd.
		マラソンの先頭集団が陸上競技場に入ってくると、群衆から騒々しい叫び声が上がった。
	839.	Along the Atlantic coast there are many nice beaches, with shallow water and fine-grained sand, but further north, the shoreline is filled with jagged rocks and the sand on the shore is far too coarse for a nice beach.
		大西洋岸沿いには浅瀬と細かい粒の砂がある素敵な海岸が多数存在するが、もっと北に行くと、海岸線はごつごつした岩がいっぱいあり、海岸の砂は粗過ぎて素敵な浜とは言えない。
	841.	The farmer knew immediately what had been attacking his chickens when he spotted the bushy tail of a red fox.
		赤狐のふさふさした尻尾だと分かったとき、農夫は何が自分の鶏を襲っていたのかがすぐに分かった。
	842.	The professor made it clear on the first day of class that he would demand perfect attendance and extensive reading in order for students to pass his course.
		その教授は講義の最初の日に、学生が教科を通るには、完全な出席と広範な読書が必要であることを明確にした。
	843.	After miles of barren desert we came to a valley, luxuriant with green foliage and wild flowers in full bloom.
		何マイルも続く不毛の砂漠の後、我々はある谷にやってきた。そこは、緑の葉がうっそうと茂り、野生の花々が満開であった。
	844.	The teacher was appalled to find one of her fifth grade boys hiding a dirty book under his textbook during her lecture.
		その教師は、彼女の授業中に5年生の1人の男の子が教科書の下に猥褻な本を1冊隠しているのを知って驚いた。
	845.	Regardless of many government measures to stimulate the Japanese economy after the bubble burst, the Japanese tax payer simply does not find the present economic environment conducive to spending.
		バブル崩壊後、日本の経済を活性化しようとする政府の多くの施策にもかかわらず、現在の経済状況は消費を促進するものではないと日本の納税者には分かっている。
	846.	When the Bush Administration decided to seek help from the United Nations in rebuilding Iraq, it was tantamount to admitting its policy has failed.
		ブッシュ政権がイラク再建に当たり国連の助けを求めようとした時、それは同政権の政策が失敗したと認めたのも同然であった。
	847.	In the small Indiana city of Madison, one can find the Lanier Home, one of the finest period homes of the mid-nineteenth century in Indiana.
		マディソンというインディアナ州の小さな町に、同州にある19世紀半ばのもっともすぐれた時代物の家の1つ、ラニアー・ホームがある。
	849.	The Wild West may have been crude and unforgiving, but it did produce some of the finest craftsmanship in the manufacturing of firearms.
		米国西部辺境地方は人の手が入らず容赦のない厳しい環境であったかもしれないが、そこでは銃器の製造において最も優れた職人技が多少とも生まれたのであった。
	850.	Scientists have long been interested in exploring the oceans, but this is a much more daunting task than most terrestrial explorations, which do not require special underwater equipment.
		科学者たちは長い間海の探検に関心を示してきたが、これは多くの陸地の探検よりは更に厳しい仕事である。というのは、陸地の探検は特別な水中用の装具を必要としないからである。

英文解釈

　今回は伊藤和夫(2017)「英文解釈教室　新装版」(研究社)

英文解釈教室〈新装版〉

作者:伊藤和夫
研究社

Amazon

P. 108の同格構文について*1。

	Fairy tales can do for small children $what$ $myth$ $and$ $religious$ $ceremonies$ $did$ $for$ $primitive$ $peoples$ - give their fears names to identify them with.
	御伽噺は、神話や宗教的な祝祭が未開民族のために為してきたこと、すなわちそうした民族の恐怖に名前を与え認識できるようにすることを、小さな子供にすることができる。
	We must consider $the$ $question$ whether we can afford such huge sums for armaments.
	私たちは、軍備のためにこのような巨額の支出を賄う余裕があるかどうかという疑問を考えなければならない。
	Next comes $the$ $question$ what you want it for.
	次に、何のためにそれを欲しいかが問題になる。

辞書を引いた語彙

　辞書は

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8th edition (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary) (English Edition)

作者:S., Hornby A.
Oxford University Press

Amazon

または

Oxford Learner's Thesaurus Paperback with CD-ROM

作者:Diana Lea
Oxford University ELT

Amazon

を引いています。

単語

語彙	発音記号	意味・内容	調べた理由
blatant	[ˈbleɪtnt]	(of actions that are considered bad) done in an obvious and open way without caring if people are shocked	意味発音
esoteric	[ˌiːsəˈterɪk]	likely to be understood or enjoyed by only a few people with a special knowledge or interest	意味発音
transient	[ˈtrænziənt]	1. continuing for only a short time 2. staying or working in a place for only a short time, before moving on	意味
snore	[snɔː(r)]	to breathe noisily through your nose and mouth while you are asleep	意味
snarl	[snɑːl]	1. [intransitive] snarl (at somebody/something) (of dogs, etc.) to show the teeth and make a deep angry noise in the throat 2. [transitive, intransitive] to speak in a rough, low, angry voice	意味
snort	[snɔːt]	1. [intransitive, transitive] to make a loud sound by breathing air out noisily through your nose, especially to show that you are angry or think something is silly 2. [transitive] snort something to take drugs by breathing them in through the nose	意味
lurch	[lɜːtʃ]	1. [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to make a sudden, unsteady movement forward or to one side 2. [intransitive] if your heart or stomach lurches, you have a sudden feeling of fear or excitement	意味
frantic	[ˈfræntɪk]	1. done quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a way that is not very well organized 2. unable to control your emotions because you are extremely frightened or worried about something	意味
prophetic	[prəˈfetɪk]	1. correctly stating or showing what will happen in the future 2. like or connected with a prophet or prophets	意味
eminent	[ˈemɪnənt]	1. (of people) famous and respected, especially in a particular profession 2. (of good qualities) unusual; excellent	意味
telltale	[ˈtelteɪl]	showing that something exists or has happened	意味
symmetrical	[sɪˈmetrɪkl]	(of a body, a design, an object, etc.) having two halves, parts or sides that are the same in size and shape	意味
syntactic	[sɪnˈtæktɪk]	connected with syntax	意味
synthetic	[sɪnˈθetɪk]	1. artificial; made by combining chemical substances rather than being produced naturally by plants or animals 2. (linguistics) (of languages) using changes to the ends of words rather than separate words to show the functions of words in a sentence	意味
dismantle	[dɪsˈmæntl]	1. dismantle something to take apart a machine or structure so that it is in separate pieces 2. dismantle something to end an organization or a system gradually in an organized way	意味
multitudinous	[ˌmʌltɪˈtjuːdɪnəs]	extremely large in number	意味
tumultuous	[tjuːˈmʌltʃuəs]	1. very loud; involving strong feelings, especially feelings of approval 2. involving many difficulties and a lot of change and often violence	意味
lascivious	[ləˈsɪviəs]	feeling or showing strong sexual desire	意味
vulgar	[ˈvʌlɡə(r)]	1. not having or showing good taste; not polite, pleasant or well behaved 2. rude and likely to offend	意味
coarse	[kɔːs]	1. (of skin or cloth) rough 2. consisting of relatively large pieces 3. rude and offensive, especially about sex	意味
bushy	[ˈbʊʃi]	1. (of hair or fur) growing thickly 2. (of plants) growing thickly, with a lot of leaves	意味
clumpy	[ˈklʌmpi]	(of shoes and boots) big, thick and heavy	意味
plumy	[ˈpluːmɪ]	1. plumelike; feathery 2. consisting of, covered with, or adorned with feathers	意味
luxuriant	[lʌɡˈʒʊəriənt]	1. (of plants or hair) growing thickly and strongly in a way that is attractive 2. (especially of art or the atmosphere of a place) rich in something that is pleasant or beautiful	意味
luscious	[ˈlʌʃəs]	1. having a strong, pleasant taste 2. (of cloth, colours or music) soft and deep or heavy in a way that gives you pleasure to feel, look at or hear 3. sexually attractive	意味発音
conducive	[kənˈdjuːsɪv]	conducive to something making it easy, possible or likely for something to happen	意味
tantamount	[ˈtæntəmaʊnt]	tantamount to something having the same bad effect as something else	意味
paramount	[ˈpærəmaʊnt]	1. more important than anything else 2. (formal) having the highest position or the greatest power	意味
fatuous	[ˈfætʃuəs]	stupid	意味
braggadocio	[ˌbræɡəˈdəʊtʃiəʊ]	behaviour that seems too proud or confident	意味発音
terrestrial	[təˈrestriəl]	1. (specialist) (of animals and plants) living on the land or on the ground, rather than in water, in trees or in the air 2. connected with the planet Earth 3. (of television and broadcasting systems) operating by using equipment on the surface of the earth, rather than sending the signal via a satellite	意味
daunting	[ˈdɔːntɪŋ]	making somebody feel nervous and less confident about doing something; likely to make somebody feel this way	意味
provincial	[prəˈvɪnʃl]	1. [only before noun] connected with one of the large areas that some countries are divided into, with its own local government 2. [only before noun] (sometimes disapproving) connected with the parts of a country that do not include the capital city, especially when these are regarded as lacking culture or modern ideas 3. (disapproving) unwilling to consider new or different ideas or things	意味

*1:http://www.wayaku.jp/study/download/kaisyaku.pdfも参照。