今日の英語(20221111)

　今日勉強した英語の中で間違えたことや調べたことをメモしておく。

コロケーション

　今回は古沢寛行・小宮山浩光・レコード，カービィ(2004)「コロケーション徹底演習II」(泰文堂)PP. 111-114を参照。

コロケーション徹底演習〈2〉

　今回、間違えたのは以下の表現：

	676.	The first speaker went on and on, even though his remarks were supposed to be only preliminary comments prior to the keynote speaker coming to the podium.
		最初の演説者は、自分の話が基調演説者が登壇するのに先立っての単なる前置きの話という事になっていてもどんどん喋り続けた。
	677.	The iron swords of European knights were heavier and more brittle than the highly flexible steel swords of Japanese samurai.
		欧州の騎士の鉄でできた剣は、日本のサムライの非常にしなやかな鋼の刀よりも重くて脆かった。
	678.	Firefighters were unable to save the house, but they did save the row of shops adjacent to it.
		消防士たちはその家を救えなかったが、隣接して並んでいる店舗は救えた。
	679.	We hired the young man from the socialist country, but only after an exhaustive review of his background.
		我々はその社会主義国出身のその青年を雇ったが、彼の経歴を徹底的に再調査して初めてそうしたのである。
	680.	After standing in the pouring rain for three hours, we felt numb from head to toe.
		土砂降りの雨の中に3時間立っていた後、我々は頭から爪先まで感覚が無かった。
	681.	While perhaps not criminally accountable for the child's death, they were undoubtedly negligent in their parental duties.
		その子供の死の刑事責任は恐らく問えないものの、間違いなく両親は親としての務めを怠った。
	683.	The medicine helped Mother's headache but made her drowsy before nine o'clock every night.
		その薬で母の頭痛は緩和したが、そのため毎晩9時前に眠くなった。
	684.	The increasing incidences of terrorism and guerrilla warfare tactics around the world are ominous signs of future instability.
		世界中至るところでのテロとゲリラ戦法の発生件数の増加は、不安定な未来の不吉な予兆である。
	686.	He was suffering from severe anemia and we could tell from his wan complexion that he was weak and exhausted.
		彼は酷い貧血に苦しんでいて、彼の青ざめた顔いろから、私たちは彼が弱っていて疲れていると分かった。
	687.	He was a highly fastidious eater, and left nothing to chance in what he would eat and how it should be prepared.
		彼は食事に真に口うるさい人だった。そして食べるものや調理の仕方に関して何事も運任せにはしなかった。
	688.	No doubt he was a slippery character, telling one thing to one person and a very different thing to someone else. He simply couldn't be trusted.
		ある人には1つのことを言い、別の誰かには非常に違ったことを言うという具合で、彼は間違いなく当てにならない人物であった。彼を全く信頼できなかった。
	689.	The man's speeches were not only long and tedious, they were mostly about himself.
		その男のスピーチは長くて退屈なだけでなく、ほとんど自分のことについてであった。
	690.	We descended slowly into the cellar which was dark and filled with the dank smell of stagnant air.
		暗くて澱んだ空気の湿っぽい臭気でいっぱいの地下室へ、我々はゆっくりと降りて行った。
	691.	Father Francis gazed at me with a placid air and a demeanor indicative of spiritual peace.
		フランシス神父は穏やかな態度で、そして精神の平穏を暗示する物腰で私を見つめた。
	692.	His abrupt and often brusque manner belies his genuinely kind heart.
		彼のぶっきらぼうでしばしば不愛想な態度は、彼が純粋に親切な心の持ち主であることを誤って伝えてしまう。
	693.	It is widely assumed that natural foods are safer and more wholesome than genetically-altered foods.
		自然の食物は、遺伝子操作で変えられた食物より安全で健康に良いと一般に思われている。
	695.	One look at his face, and I was sure he was culpable of the crime of which he had been accused. But as his lawyer, I had still had to defend him.
		彼の顔を一目見て、彼は訴えられていた犯罪で責めを負うべきだと私は確信した。しかし彼の弁護士として、私はそれでも彼を弁護しなければならなかった。
	696.	Many thought the evidence of O.J. Simpson's guilt in the brutal murder of two people was overwhelming. However, the jury obviously did not agree.
		二人の人間の残酷な殺人に関わるO・J・シンプソンの有罪の証拠は圧倒的な物だと多くの人は思った。しかし陪審員は明らかに意見が違った。
	697.	The parsimonious and callous treatment of workers by management led to the formation of powerful labor unions and worker rights.
		経営者側の労働者に対するケチで冷淡な待遇が原因で、強力な労働組合と労働者の権利が生まれるに至った。
	699.	In the history of the Supreme Court, few judges have fulfilled their mandate to be completely fair and impartial. Even judges have their biases.
		最高裁判所の歴史において、完全に公平で公正でなければならないという課された要求を満たしている裁判官はほとんどいない。裁判官と言えども先入観を持っている。

英文解釈

　今回は伊藤和夫(2017)「英文解釈教室　新装版」(研究社)

英文解釈教室〈新装版〉

P. 102の同格構文について*1。

	He lacked the which Emerson had in abundance, and which all great art must have: a sincere attempt to interpret life.
	エマーソンが豊富に持ち、あらゆる偉大なる芸術が有していなければならない質、すなわち人生を解釈しようとする真摯な意図が彼には欠けている。
	"I am a citizen, not of Athens or Greece, but of the world." These are the words of , the ancient Greek philosopher, and perhaps the wisest man who ever lived.
	「私はアテネ市民やギリシア市民ではなく世界市民である。」これは古代ギリシアの哲学者で、恐らくかつてないほどの賢者であったソクラテスの言葉である。

辞書を引いた語彙

　辞書は

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8th edition (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary) (English Edition)

または

Oxford Learner's Thesaurus Paperback with CD-ROM

を引いています。

単語

語彙	発音記号	意味・内容	調べた理由
precipitant	[pri(ː)sípitent]	done with very great haste and without due deliberation.	意味
pretentious	[prɪˈtenʃəs]	trying to appear important, intelligent, etc. in order to impress other people; trying to be something that you are not, in order to impress	意味
feeble	[ˈfiːbl]	1. very weak2. not effective; not showing energy or effort	意味
brittle	[ˈbrɪtl]	1. hard but easily broken2. a brittle mood or state of mind is one that appears to be happy or strong but is actually nervous and easily damaged3. (of a sound) hard and sharp in an unpleasant way	意味
flimsy	[ˈflɪmzi]	1. badly made and not strong enough for the purpose for which it is used2. (of material) thin and easily torn3. difficult to believe	意味
adverse	[ˈædvɜːs]	negative and unpleasant; not likely to produce a good result	意味
adjacent	[əˈdʒeɪsnt]	next to something	意味
adherent	[ədˈhɪərənt]	a person who supports a particular set of ideas	意味
numb	[nʌm]	1. if a part of your body is numb, you cannot feel anything in it, for example because of cold2. unable to feel, think or react in the normal way	意味
plump	[plʌmp]	1. having a soft, round body; slightly fat2. looking soft, full and attractive to use or eat	意味
negligible	[ˈneɡlɪdʒəbl]	of very little importance or size and not worth considering	意味
negligent	[ˈneɡlɪdʒənt]	1. (law or formal) failing to give somebody/something enough care or attention, especially when this has serious results2. (literary) (of a person or their manner) relaxed; not formal	意味
cloze test	[ˈkləʊz test]	a type of test in which you have to put suitable words in spaces in a text where words have been left out	意味
drowsy	[ˈdraʊzi]	1. tired and wanting to sleep2. making you feel relaxed and tired	意味
ominous	[ˈɒmɪnəs]	suggesting that something bad is going to happen in the future	意味
prospective	[prəˈspektɪv]	1. expected to do something or to become something2. expected to happen soon	意味
renowned	[rɪˈnaʊnd]	famous and respected	意味
complexion	[kəmˈplekʃn]	1. the natural colour and condition of the skin on a person’s face2. [usually singular] the general character of something	意味
florid	[flɒrɪd]	1. (of a person’s face) naturally fairly red in colour (not just because the person is hot, angry, etc.)2. (usually disapproving) having too much decoration or detail	意味
flushed	[flʌʃt]	(of a person) red; with a red face	意味
wan	[wɒn]	looking pale and weak	意味
fastidious	[fæˈstɪdiəs]	1. being careful that every detail of something is correct2. (sometimes disapproving) not liking things to be dirty or untidy	意味
frivolous	[ˈfrɪvələs]	1. (of people or their behaviour) silly or funny, especially when such behaviour is not suitable2. having no useful or serious purpose	意味
extravagant	[ɪkˈstrævəɡənt]	1. spending a lot more money or using a lot more of something than you can afford or than is necessary2. costing a lot more money than you can afford or is necessary3. (of ideas, speech or behaviour) very extreme or impressive but not reasonable or practical	意味
slippery	[ˈslɪpəri]	1. (also informal slippy) difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polished2. (informal) (of a person) that you cannot trust3. (informal) (of a situation, subject, problem, etc.) difficult to deal with and that you have to think about carefully	意味
tedious	[ˈtiːdiəs]	lasting or taking too long and not interesting	意味
malicious	[məˈlɪʃəs]	1. having or showing a desire to harm somebody or hurt their feelings, caused by a feeling of hate2. (computing) (of software or computer code) intended to damage somebody's computer or data files	意味
vexatious	[vekˈseɪʃəs]	making you feel upset or annoyed	意味
fragrant	[ˈfreɪɡrənt]	having a pleasant smell	意味
turbulent	[ˈtɜːbjələnt]	1. in which there is a lot of sudden change, trouble, argument and sometimes violence2. (of air or water) changing direction suddenly and violently3. (of people) noisy and/or difficult to control	意味
demeanor	[dɪˈmiːnə(r)]	the way that somebody looks or behaves	意味
brusque	[bruːsk]	using very few words and sounding rude	意味
exemplary	[ɪɡˈzempləri]	1. providing a good example for people to copy2. [usually before noun] (law or formal) (of punishment) severe; used especially as a warning to others	意味
amiable	[ˈeɪmiəbl]	pleasant; friendly and easy to like	意味
synthetic	[sɪnˈθetɪk]	1. artificial; made by combining chemical substances rather than being produced naturally by plants or animals2. (linguistics) (of languages) using changes to the ends of words rather than separate words to show the functions of words in a sentence	意味
culpable	[ˈkʌlpəbl]	responsible and deserving blame for having done something wrong	意味
felonious	[fəˈləʊniəs]	relating to or involved in crime	意味
parsimonious	[ˌpɑːsɪˈməʊniəs]	extremely unwilling to spend money	意味
callous	[ˈkæləs]	not caring about other people’s feelings, pain or problems	意味
audacious	[ɔːˈdeɪʃəs]	willing to take risks or to do something that shocks people	意味
ohnoxious	[əbˈnɒkʃəs]	​extremely unpleasant, especially in a way that offends people	意味
lurid	[ˈlʊərɪd]	1. ​too bright in colour, in a way that is not attractive2. (especially of a story or piece of writing) presented in a way that is intended to shock	意味
mandate	[ˈmændeɪt]	1. the authority to do something, given to a government or other organization by the people who vote for it in an election2. the period of time for which a government is given power3. mandate (to do something) (formal) an official order given to somebody to perform a particular task	意味
impertinent	[ɪmˈpɜːtɪnənt]	rude and not showing respect for somebody who is older or more important	意味
impartial	[ɪmˈpɑːʃl]	not supporting one person or group more than another	意味
incredulous	[ɪnˈkredʒələs]	not willing or not able to believe something; showing a lack of ability to believe something	意味

*1:http://www.wayaku.jp/study/download/kaisyaku.pdfも参照。