今日の英語(20221115)

　今日勉強した英語の中で間違えたことや調べたことをメモしておく。

コロケーション

　今回は古沢寛行・小宮山浩光・レコード，カービィ(2004)「コロケーション徹底演習II」(泰文堂)PP. 130-3を参照。

コロケーション徹底演習〈2〉

　今回、間違えたのは以下の表現：

	776.	A mere 300 gallant warriors were sent from Sparta to defend the narrow pass at Thermopile, against 200,000 Persians.
		20万人のペルシア軍に対し、テルモピレーの狭路を守るためわずか300人の勇敢な戦士がスパルタから派遣された。
	777.	Mrs Goodman has been trying to get a raise for almost two years now, but her boss's response is invariably equivocal.
		グッドマン夫人はもう2年間近く給料を挙げてもらおうと試みているが、彼女の上司の返答は決まって曖昧である。
	778.	The romantic and beautiful glow of the moon is in stark contrast with what we know to be its bleak and uninhabitable terrain.
		月のロマンティックで美しい輝きは、我々の知るところの月の荒涼とした居住に適さない地形と際立った対照をなしている。
	779.	Several baseball stars, now making millions of dollars a year in the major leagues, lived in conditions of abject poverty as children.
		メジャーリーグで、今や年間何百万ドルも稼ぐ数人の花形野球選手は、子供の頃全く哀れな貧困状態の中で暮らしていた。
	780.	The strangest tenet of this Christian doctrine is the belief that Mary, the mother of Jesus, remained chaste and virginal despite giving birth naturally to a baby boy.
		このキリスト教の信条の最も奇妙な教義は、イエスの母マリアが男の子を自然分娩したにもかかわらず生涯貞節で処女であったという信仰である。
	782.	Although thousands of American children are killed accidentally by the careless use of firearms, the National Rifle Association remains resolute in its opposition to even modest proposals for limiting the ownership of guns.
		銃器の不注意な取り扱いで何千人という子供が米国で事故死するにもかかわらず、全米ライフル協会は銃の所有を制限する控えめな提案にさえ断固反対し続ける。
	783.	His speech was interrupted only by polite, sporadic applause from the audience, and he learned from their response he could not win the next election.
		彼の演説を遮ったのは聴衆の丁寧で散発的な拍手だけだった。そして、彼らの反応から自分は次の選挙には勝てないと彼は知った。
	784.	Some psychiatrists speculate that rather than being an insidious element in society, pornography is actually beneficial, since it provides vicarious outlets for potential sexual predators.
		好色文学は潜在的に野獣のような性的倒錯者に代理の捌け口を提供する故に社会において問題視すべき要素ではなく、むしろ実際には有益なものであると考える精神病医学者もいる。
	785.	The professor's wife complemented him perfectly. While he was a reclusive and shy intellectual, she was highly sociable, adroit at arranging and hosting wonderful parties for their friends.
		その教授の妻は彼を補足する役を完璧にこなした。彼は孤独癖の内気な知識人であったが、彼女は非常に社交的で、夫婦の友人たちのために素敵なパーティを計画しホスト役を務めるのが巧みであった。
	786.	He used to have his suits made by the tailor on the town square. But now that the cost has become so exorbitant, he buys his suits right off the rack.
		彼は町の広場の脇にある洋服屋に自分の服を昔は作らせていた。しかし値段が法外になったので、今は既成の服を買う。
	788.	When planning a budget, do not forget to assume you will need a certain amount for incidental expenses, that is, minor expenses you cannot calculate precisely.
		予算を建てるときは、臨時の出費、すなわち正確には算定できない小さな出費にある程度の金額を必要とすることを忘れてはいけない。
	789.	The river, sinuous as a snake, and glistening in the sun, wound through the emerald valley on its way to the sea.
		その河は蛇のように曲がりくねり、太陽の光を受けてキラキラ輝きながら、エメラルド色の谷間を蛇行し海へ向かって流れていた。
	790.	The young man burst awkwardly into my office without an introduction, and it was strange to encounter someone obviously so bright and yet so plainly uncouth.
		その若者は紹介もなく私のオフィスに不様に飛び込んできた。明らかにそんなにも聡明で、それでいてそんなにも明らかに粗野な者にであるのは初めてのことだった。
	791.	The soldiers were facing certain death and yet remained intrepid, doing their duty without a hint of self pity.
		兵士たちは確実な死に直面していたが、恐れを知らない振る舞いで自己憐憫の僅かな徴候も見せず自分たちの任務をこなしていた。
	792.	Every nation has particular things that many people associate with it as soon as they hear the country's name. With Japan, it may be sushi and sumo, with France, the Eiffel Tower and cream sauces, and with the United States, jeans and the Statue of Liberty.
		それぞれの国には、その国の名前を聞いた途端、多くの人がその国と結びつけて考える特別なものがある。日本の場合だと寿司と相撲かもしれないし、フランスはエッフェル塔とクリームソース、そして米国はジーンズに自由の女神像であるかもしれない。
	794.	He loved Italian, French and Chinese cuisine but he did not consider Greek food very palatable.
		彼はイタリア、フランス、そして中国の料理は好きだったが、ギリシアの食べ物はあまり美味しいとは思わなかった。
	798.	Soap operas often make use of the plots found in great authors, like Homer or Shakespeare, at the stories are presented in a maudlin and melodramatic way to an unsophisticated audience.
		ソープオペラはホメロスやシェイクスピアのような偉大な作家に見られる筋立てをよく使うが、話は単純素朴な聴衆向けに、感傷的で芝居がかった形で提供される。
	799.	Many wounded soldiers, fresh from the battle, lay on cots waiting for some badly needed medical treatment.
		戦場から送られてきたばかりの多くの傷ついた兵士たちは、簡易ベッドに横になり何らかの酷く必要としている治療を待っていた。
	800.	He is a born wanderer, apparently unable to stay put in any one place for longer than a few months.
		彼は生まれつきの放浪者で、いかなる場所でも数か月以上1か所に留まることは出来ないようである。

英文解釈

　今回は伊藤和夫(2017)「英文解釈教室　新装版」(研究社)

英文解釈教室〈新装版〉

P. 107の同格構文について*1。

	I am sure shall none of us forget poor Tom.
	私たちは誰もが可哀想なトムのことをきっと忘れないだろう。
	The new was so fond of hunting himself, although he would not let the English hunt.
	新しい王は英国人に狩りをさせようとはしなかった一方で、自分では非常に好んで狩りをした。
	Formerly, if you lived anywhere outside the very large cities, you could have very little musical experience beyond what made yourself.
	昔は大都市から離れた場所に住んでいたら、自分で演奏する以外に音楽に触れる機会は殆ど出来なかった。

辞書を引いた語彙

　辞書は

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8th edition (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary) (English Edition)

または

Oxford Learner's Thesaurus Paperback with CD-ROM

を引いています。

単語

語彙	発音記号	意味・内容	調べた理由
mischievous	[ˈmɪstʃɪvəs]	1. enjoying playing tricks and annoying people2. (formal) (of an action or a statement) causing trouble, such as damaging somebody’s reputation	意味
exhaustive	[ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv]	including everything possible; very careful or complete	意味
equivocal	[ɪˈkwɪvəkl]	1. of words or statements) not having one clear or definite meaning or intention; able to be understood in more than one way2. (of actions or behaviour) difficult to understand or explain clearly or easily	意味
stark	[stɑːk]	1. unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid2. very different from something in a way that is easy to see	意味
bleary	[ˈblɪəri]	(of eyes) not able to see clearly, especially because you are tired	意味
bleak	[bliːk]	1. (of a situation) not giving any reason to have hope or expect anything good2. (of the weather) cold and unpleasant3. ​(of a place) exposed, empty, or with no pleasant features	意味
blatant	[ˈbleɪtnt]	(of actions that are considered bad) done in an obvious and open way without caring if people are shocked	意味発音
abrupt	[əˈbrʌpt]	1. sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way2. speaking or acting in a way that seems rude and unfriendly; not taking time to say more than is necessary	意味
absurd	[əbˈsɜːd]	1. extremely silly; not logical and sensible2. the absurd noun [singular] things that are or that seem to be absurd	意味
abject	[ˈæbdʒekt]	1. terrible and without hope2. without any respect for yourself	意味
chaste	[tʃeɪst]	1. ​(old-fashioned) not having sex with anyone; only having sex with the person that you are married to2. (formal) not expressing sexual feelings3. (formal) simple and plain in style; not decorated	意味
voluptuous	[vəˈlʌptʃuəs]	1. (formal) having large breasts and hips in a way that is sexually attractive2. (literary) giving you physical pleasure	意味
terrain	[təˈreɪn]	used to refer to an area of land when you are mentioning its natural features, for example, if it is rough, flat, etc.	意味
vain	[veɪn]	1. that does not produce the result you want2. (disapproving) too proud of your own appearance, abilities or achievements	意味
venerable	[ˈvenərəbl]	1. [usually before noun] (formal) venerable people or things deserve respect because they are old, important, wise, etc.2. the Venerable… [only before noun] (in the Anglican Church) a title of respect used when talking about an archdeacon3. the Venerable… [only before noun] (in the Roman Catholic Church) a title given to a dead person who is very holy but who has not yet been made a saint	意味
resolute	[ˈrezəluːt]	strong and determined	意味
fervent	[ˈfɜːvənt]	having or showing very strong and sincere feelings about something	意味
sporadic	[spəˈrædɪk]	happening only occasionally or at intervals that are not regular	意味
insidious	[ɪnˈsɪdiəs]	spreading gradually or without being noticed, but causing serious harm	意味
sensory	[ˈsensəri]	connected with your physical senses	意味
vicarious	[vɪˈkeəriəs]	felt or experienced by watching or reading about somebody else doing something, rather than by doing it yourself	意味
complement	[ˈkɒmplɪment]	complement something to add to something in a way that improves it or makes it more attractive	意味
reclusive	[rɪˈkluːsɪv]	living alone and avoiding other people	意味
futile	[ˈfjuːtaɪl]	having no purpose because there is no chance of success	意味
diabolic	[ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪkl]	1. (especially British English, informal) extremely bad or annoying2. (also less frequent) diabolic	意味
adroit	[əˈdrɔɪt]	clever and showing skill	意味
exorbitant	[ɪɡˈzɔːbɪtənt]	(of a price) much too high	意味
exhortative	[ɪɡˈzɔː.tə.tɪv]	involving an attempt to strongly encourage or persuade someone to do something	意味
sparse	[spɑːs]	only present in small amounts or numbers and often spread over a large area	意味
springy	[ˈsprɪŋi]	1. ​returning quickly to the original shape after being pushed, pulled, stretched, etc.2. full of energy and confidence	意味
sinuous	[ˈsɪnjuəs]	turning while moving, in an attractive way; having many curves	意味
uncouth	[ʌnˈkuːθ]	​(of a person or their behaviour) rude or socially unacceptable	意味
officious	[əˈfɪʃəs]	too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders	意味
atrocious	[əˈtrəʊʃəs]	1. very bad or unpleasant2. very cruel and making you feel shocked	意味
intrepid	[ɪnˈtrepɪd]	very brave; not afraid of danger or difficulties	意味
resultant	[rɪˈzʌltənt]	caused by the thing that has just been mentioned	意味
unsavoury	[ʌnˈseɪvəri]	unpleasant or offensive; not considered morally acceptable	意味
palatable	[ˈpælətəbl]	1. (of food or drink) having a pleasant or acceptable taste2. ​palatable (to somebody) pleasant or acceptable to somebody	意味
repulsive	[rɪˈpʌlsɪv]	1. causing a feeling of strong dislike; very unpleasant2. (physics) causing repulsion (= a force that pushes away)	意味
maudlin	[ˈmɔːdlɪn]	1. talking in a silly, emotional way, often feeling sorry for yourself2. (of a book, film or song) expressing or causing exaggerated emotions, especially in way that is not sincere	意味
maladjusted	[ˌmæləˈdʒʌstɪd]	having mental and emotional problems that lead to unacceptable behaviour	意味

*1:http://www.wayaku.jp/study/download/kaisyaku.pdfも参照。