今日の英語(20220912)

　今日勉強した英語の中で間違えたことや調べたことをメモしておく。

コロケーション

　今回は古沢寛行・小宮山浩光・レコード，カービィ(2004)「コロケーション徹底演習I」(泰文堂)PP.100-103を参照。

コロケーション徹底演習〈1〉

　今回、間違えたのは以下の表現：

	626.	Hitler had no intention of respecting the neutrality of any nation in Europe.
		ヒトラーはヨーロッパのどの国の中立も尊重する意思が全くなかった。
	628.	He always tried his best to lead a life of compassion and concern for the less fortunate members of society.
		彼は社会の恵まれない層に同情と関心を持った人生を送ろうと常に最良を尽くした。
	630.	Hamlet's great dilemma was that his duty to avenge his father's death also required that he oppose his own mother.
		ハムレットの大いなるジレンマは、父親の死の仇を討つ義務は自分の母親に敵対することになるという事であった。
	631.	I answered the phone and heard a strained voice telling me the tragic news of another terrorist attack.
		電話に出ると、緊張した声が別のテロリスト攻撃の悲しいニュースを伝えるのを聞いた。
	632.	The accident occurred when the bus suddenly swerved and hit a railing on the other side of the road.
		バスが突然逸れ道路の反対側のガードレールにぶつかって事故が起こった。
	633.	The policeman addressed the young lady sternly; "You can still do yourself a lot of good by telling us everything you know about your boyfriend's role in the robbery."
		警察官はその若い女性に向かって厳しい口調で言った。「この強盗事件でのあなたのボーイフレンドの役割で知っていることを全部述べることによって、あなたは大いに貢献することができるんだよ。」
	635.	Blushing with apparent embarrassment, Susie quietly thanked the boy for his compliment regarding her new dress.
		明らかに当惑して顔を赤らめつつ、スージーは静かに、彼女の新しいドレスを褒めてくれた少年にお礼を言った。
	636.	The Prime Minister seems willing to take on reforms but first he must fight his way through the quagmire of the ruling party's entrenched stagnation.
		首相は改革に進んで挑戦するように見えるが、まず、彼は与党の固定した淀みという泥沼の中で、自分のやり方を付き進める戦いをしなくてはならない。
	637.	All twenty of the volunteers lay dead - heroes who sacrificed their lives to save their other comrades from certain defeat.
		ボランティアの20人は全員死んで横たわっていた。他の仲間たちを確かな敗北から救うために命をささげた英雄であった。
	638.	In order to win his fight against Medusa, Perseus had to suppress any temptation to look at her directly and thus be turned to stone.
		メドゥーサとの戦いに勝つためには、ペルセウスは、彼女の顔を直接見ると石になってしまう、その見たい気持ちを抑えなければならなかった。
	639.	It is risky for any presidential candidate to give frank interviews, thereby laying himself or herself open to damaging personal attacks.
		どのような大統領候補にとっても、率直なインタビューをし、自分を有害な個人的攻撃に晒すことは危険である。
	643.	We had invited the Princess to our school several times but were still waiting for her to agree to favour us with a visit.
		私たちは数回妃殿下を我々の学校に招いたが、招待に応じて下さる同意を得るまで尚も待っていた。
	644.	We wanted to fly to Europe that summer, but as far as we were concerned, any European airline would do.
		私たちはその夏ヨーロッパに飛びたいと思っていたが、私たちに関する限り、どのヨーロッパの飛行機でも良かった。
	645.	Despite our failure in reaching an accord we really appreciated the enormous efforts Jim made on our behalf.
		同意に達することは出来なかったが、我々はジムが我々のためにしてくれた多大な努力に本当に感謝した。
	647.	Even many of those who supported military action a few months ago find it hard to deny that it was based on deeply flawed intelligence reports.
		数か月前には軍事行動を支持していた多くの人たちでさも、それがひどく不備のある情報のレポートに基づいていたという事を否定するのは難しくなっている。
	649.	In trying too hard to cut corners on cost, the contractors created a structure that could not withstand a powerful earthquake.
		費用を節約しようと頑張り過ぎたため、請負業者は強い地震に耐えられないような建物を造り出してしまった。

英文解釈

　今回は伊藤和夫(2017)「英文解釈教室　新装版」(研究社)

英文解釈教室〈新装版〉

PP.43のの用法について*1。

	I myself am fully convinced that the best explanation an artist can give of his aims and ability is afforded by his work.
	私自身は、芸術家が自らの目的と能力について与えることのできる最良の説明はその作品によるものだと完全に確信している。
	I was flattered that she wanted to speak to me, because of all the older girls I admired her most.
	すべての年上女性の中で私は彼女を最も尊敬していたため、彼女が私と話したがっていることで私は有頂天になった。

辞書を引いた語彙

　辞書は

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8th edition (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary) (English Edition)

または

Oxford Learner's Thesaurus Paperback with CD-ROM

を引いています。

単語

	語彙	発音記号	意味・内容	調べた理由
	retaliate	[rɪˈtælieɪt]	to do something harmful to somebody because they have harmed you first	意味
	avenge	[əˈvendʒ]	(formal)to punish or hurt somebody in return for something bad or wrong that they have done to you, your family or friends	意味
	revenge	[rɪˈvendʒ]	1. something that you do in order to make somebody suffer because they have made you suffer2. (sport) the defeat of a person or team that defeated you in a previous game	意味
	sternly	[ˈstɜːnli]	1. in a serious way that often shows that you do not approve of somebody/something; in a way that shows you expect somebody to obey you2. in a serious and difficult way	意味
	quagmire	[ˈkwæɡmaɪə(r)]	1. an area of soft wet ground2. a difficult or dangerous situation	意味
	comrade	[ˈkɒmreɪd]	a person who is a member of the same communist or socialist political party as the person speaking	意味
	suppress	[səˈpres]	1. (usually disapproving) (of a government, ruler, etc.) to put an end, often by force, to a group or an activity that is believed to threaten authority2. (usually disapproving) to prevent something from being published or made known3. to prevent yourself from having or expressing a feeling or an emotion4. to prevent something from growing, developing or continuing	意味
	oppress	[əˈpres]	1. to treat somebody in a cruel and unfair way, especially by not giving them the same freedom, rights, etc. as other people2. to make somebody only able to think about things that make them sad or worried	意味
	compress	[kəmˈpres]	1. [transitive, intransitive] to press things together or press something into a smaller space; to be pressed in this way2. [transitive] to reduce something and fit it into a smaller space or amount of time	意味
	thereby	[ˌðeəˈbaɪ]	used to introduce the result of the action or situation mentioned	意味
	placate	[pləˈkeɪt]	to make somebody feel less angry about something	意味
	flaw	[flɔː]	1. a mistake in something that means that it is not correct or does not work correctly2. a weakness in somebody’s character3. a fault or small break in something that makes it less attractive or valuable	意味
	withstand	[wɪðˈstænd]	to be strong enough not to be hurt or damaged by extreme conditions, the use of force, etc.	意味
	withhold	[wɪðˈhəʊld]	to refuse to give something to somebody	意味
	insane	[ɪnˈseɪn]	1. (informal) very stupid, crazy or dangerous2. (informal) extremely annoyed; angry3. ​(especially North American English, informal) shocking or very impressive; extremely large, high, good, etc.4. formal, law or old-fashioned, often offensive) having a serious mental illness that makes somebody unable to think or behave normally	意味

• との相違：　・は動詞で、は普通、名詞として扱う。は対象事物を目的語を取り、で対象(人)を取る。　・は動詞としても扱う。は対象(人)を取り、事物を目的語に取れない。もしくはで対象(人)を取る。

	E.g.	She vowed to avenge her brother’s death	.
	E.g.	He later avenged himself on his enemies.
	E.g.	He was later revenged on his enemies.

*1:http://www.wayaku.jp/study/download/kaisyaku.pdfも参照。