今日の英語(20221114)

　今日勉強した英語の中で間違えたことや調べたことをメモしておく。

コロケーション

　今回は古沢寛行・小宮山浩光・レコード，カービィ(2004)「コロケーション徹底演習II」(泰文堂)PP. 126-29を参照。

コロケーション徹底演習〈2〉

　今回、間違えたのは以下の表現：

	751.	I felt it necessary to tell my new secretary a little, white lie. She asked me how I liked her new hair style and I just couldn't tell her how awful it really was.
		私は自分の新しい秘書にちょっとした悪意のない嘘をつかねばならないと思った。彼女が私に自分の新しい髪形はどうですかと聞いたとき、それが実際にはどんなに酷いものであるかなどとはとても言えなかった。
	752.	My eighty-five old mother was fit to be tied! She was outraged that America was attacking a small, weak country like Iraq.
		私の85歳になる母は酷い剣幕で腹を立てた。米国がイラクのような弱小国を攻撃していると彼女は憤慨した。
	753.	Most of us get tired of one double-faced politician after another, who promise one thing but do another.
		約束することと実行することが全く違う、次から次へと出現する偽善的な政治家に我々の多くはウンザリしている。
	754.	At the start of the school term, most teachers really have their hands full, preparing lessons, attending meetings, and getting to know their students.
		学期の始め、大半の教師は教科の準備をしたり、会議にであり、学生と知り合ったりと本当に多忙である。
	755.	It was time to get the ball rolling. The meeting was late getting started, and only now had all the members finally arrived.
		会議を始める時間となった。会議は始まるのが遅れ、そして、いまになってようやくメンバーが全員揃ったのであった。
	756.	The new director made it clear that we would be given a lot of leeway to solve the problems of the job but we should always keep him posted on new developments.
		今度の新しい初頭は、仕事の諸問題を解決するのに我々は大幅な自由裁量を与えられるが、新しい事態の進展に関して我々は常に最新情報を彼に提供すべきことを明確にした。
	757.	It was a red-letter day when Jim finally got the big break he was hoping for in his acting career.
		その日はジムが自分の役者人生において期待していた好機をようやく手に入れた記念すべき日であった。
	759.	He was certainly an up-and-coming young writer, but he still had a lot to learn.
		確かに彼は有望な若い作家であったが、まだ学ぶことがたくさんあった。
	760.	Many people try to follow in the footsteps of their fathers but are just not cut out for the kind of work their fathers did.
		多くの人が父親の仕事を継ごうとするが、父親がやっていた仕事には実際には向いていない。
	762.	We thought our proposal was about to be accepted by the committee until the chairperson himself threw cold water on the idea.
		議長が我々の提案に水を差すまでは。その提案は委員会に受け入れられそうだと我々は思った。
	763.	I hoped I could get a good price for my home, but the prospective buyer drove such a hard bargain that I decided not to sell.
		私の家が良いねで売れるように願ったが、その有望な買い手が自分に非常に有利な条件を持ち出したので、私は売らないことに決めた。
	764.	He's so competitive that he always loses with such bad grace, but he's a very gracious winner!
		彼は非常に競争心が強いので、負けるときはいつも厭々ながらである。しかし彼は買ったときは非常に鷹揚である。
	765.	When the local police assumed the butler did it, they were clearly barking up the wrong tree. The victim didn't even have a butler.
		地元の警察が事件の張本人は執事だと推定したとき、警察は明らかに見当違いをしていた。被害者には執事などいなかった。
	766.	When Teresa saw her old boyfriend on the street the other day, she tried to speak to him but he just cut her dead and walked away and left her standing there without a word.
		テレサが、過日、昔のボーイフレンドを街で見かけたとき、彼に話しかけようとしたが、彼はただ知らないふりをして行ってしまい、彼女は黙ってそこに立ちすくんだ。
	768.	The idea came to me completely out of the blue. But it turned out to be the best idea I have had in a long life.
		そのアイディアは全くもって突然私に閃いた。しかし、それは結果的に久しぶりに得た最高のアイディアだと分かった。
	769.	Every time we turned around Johnny was in hot water. No wonder the principal of the school decided to suspend him for two weeks from attending classes.
		我々が気が付くといつもジョニーは問題を起こしていた。校長が彼を2週間の停学処分にしたのも不思議ではない。
	770.	Sometimes at work I am too pressed for time to eat lunch.
		時々仕事中、時間に追われて昼食を食べる暇もない。
	771.	As soon as I saw her in his office whispering to the boss, I knew something fishy was going on. She was always causing trouble for someone.
		彼女が上司のオフィスで彼に耳打ちしているのを目にした途端、何か胡散臭いことが進行中だと私には分かった。彼女はいつも誰かに面倒を起こしていた
	772.	It was clear he was trying to pull a fast one on me when he added a couple of zeros to the check he wanted me to endorse.
		彼が私に裏書を頼んだ小切手にゼロをいくつか加えたとき、彼が私をペテンにかけようとしていることがはっきりした。
	773.	I felt so lousy I decided to knock off work early and go to the clinic.
		私は非常に気分が悪くなったので、仕事を早めに切り上げ診療所に行くことにした。
	774.	After the tornado struck our little college town, it has looked almost desolate. An entire line of huge oak trees had been uprooted along Main Street.
		大旋風が我々の小さな大学町を襲った後、街は殆ど荒れ果てて見えた。中心街に沿って巨大な樫の並木がすべて根こそぎ倒されてしまっていた。
	775.	He never thought for a moment he would reach the exalted position to which he had just been elected - the governor of the largest state in the continental United States!
		彼が丁度選出されたその身分の高い地位に到達するなどとは一瞬たりとも彼は考えたことが無かった。すなわち合衆国大陸で最大の州の知事となったのである。

英文解釈

　今回は伊藤和夫(2017)「英文解釈教室　新装版」(研究社)

英文解釈教室〈新装版〉

PP. 106-7の同格構文について*1。

	The especially human which distinguish man from other animals all depend upon the lessening of his bondage to physical nature.
	人間と他の動物とを区別する人間特有の活動はすべてに物理的な自然に対する人間の従属を減らすことに関わりがある。
	The have each an equal right to his own view as to the sort of world he wants.
	人はそれぞれどのような種類の世界を望むかについて自らの見解を持つ権利を平等に有する。

辞書を引いた語彙

　辞書は

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 8th edition (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary) (English Edition)

または

Oxford Learner's Thesaurus Paperback with CD-ROM

を引いています。

単語

語彙	発音記号	意味・内容	調べた理由
white lie	[ˌwaɪt ˈlaɪ]	a small lie, especially one that you tell to avoid hurting somebody	意味
leeway	[ˈliːweɪ]	the amount of freedom that you have to change something or to do something in the way you want to	意味
prospective	[prəˈspektɪv]	1. expected to do something or to become something2. expected to happen soon	意味
gracious	[ˈɡreɪʃəs]	1. (of people or behaviour) kind, polite and generous, especially to somebody of a lower social position2. [usually before noun] showing the comfort and easy way of life that wealth can bring3. [only before noun] (British English, formal) used as a very polite word for royal people or their actions4. gracious (to somebody) (of God) being kind and showing mercy5. (becoming old-fashioned) used for expressing surprise	意味
foul	[faʊl]	1. dirty and smelling bad2. (especially British English) very unpleasant; very bad3. (of language) including rude words and swearing4. (of weather) very bad, with strong winds and rain5. (literary) very evil or cruel6. [only before noun] (British English) done against the rules of a sport	意味
lifeless	[ˈlaɪfləs]	1. (formal) dead or appearing to be dead2. not living; not having living things growing on or in it3. not bright or exciting; not having the qualities that make something/somebody interesting and full of life	意味
harden	[ˈhɑːdn]	1. [intransitive, transitive] to become or make something become solid or stiff2. [intransitive, transitive] if your voice, face, etc. hardens, or you harden it, it becomes more serious or severe3. [intransitive, transitive] if somebody’s feelings or attitudes harden or somebody/something hardens them, they become more fixed and determined4. [transitive] harden somebody/something/yourself to make somebody less kind or less affected by extreme situations	意味
fishy	[ˈfɪʃi]	1. (informal) seeming or likely to be wrong, illegal or dishonest2. smelling or tasting like a fish	意味
doggy	[ˈdɒɡi]	a child’s word for a dog	意味
sneaky	[ˈsniːki]	behaving in a secret and sometimes dishonest or unpleasant way	意味
gleeful	[ˈɡliːfl]	happy because of something good you have done or something bad that has happened to somebody else	意味
frolicsome	[ˈfrɒlɪksəm]	playing in a lively happy way	意味
lousy	[ˈlaʊzi]	1. very bad2. [only before noun] used to show that you feel annoyed or offended because you do not think that something is worth very muchlousy with something/somebody (North American English) having too much of something or too many people	意味
desolate	[ˈdesələt]	1. (of a place) empty and without people, making you feel sad or frightened2. very lonely and unhappy	意味
exalted	[ɪɡˈzɔːltɪd]	1. (formal or humorous) of high rank, position or great importance2. (formal) full of great joy and happiness	意味

*1:http://www.wayaku.jp/study/download/kaisyaku.pdfも参照。